Description

Constipation is a common gastrointestinal issue characterized by infrequent bowel movements, difficulty passing stools, or a sensation of incomplete evacuation. It can be acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term) and may result from various factors, including diet, lifestyle, medications, or underlying medical conditions. Symptoms of Constipation Fewer than three bowel movements per week. Hard, dry, or lumpy stools. Straining during bowel movements. Feeling of blockage in the rectum. Sensation of incomplete evacuation. Abdominal bloating or discomfort. Causes of Constipation Dietary Factors: Low fiber intake. Inadequate fluid intake. Lifestyle Factors: Lack of physical activity. Ignoring the urge to defecate. Medications: Opioids, antacids (with calcium or aluminum), antidepressants, antispasmodics, and iron supplements. Medical Conditions: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Hypothyroidism. Diabetes. Neurological disorders (e.g., Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis). Colorectal issues (e.g., hemorrhoids, anal fissures, or tumors). Other Factors: Pregnancy (due to hormonal changes and pressure on the intestines). Aging (slower bowel movements). Diagnosis Medical History: Assessment of symptoms, diet, lifestyle, and medications. Physical Examination: Abdominal and rectal exams. Tests (if needed): Blood tests (to check for thyroid or metabolic issues). Colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy (to rule out structural abnormalities). Imaging studies (e.g., X-rays, MRI). Bowel function tests (e.g., transit studies, anorectal manometry). Treatment Dietary Changes: Increase fiber intake (fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes). Drink plenty of water (at least 8 glasses daily). Lifestyle Modifications: Regular physical activity (e.g., walking, yoga). Establish a regular bowel routine (e.g., after meals). Over-the-Counter Remedies: Fiber Supplements: Psyllium (Metamucil), methylcellulose (Citrucel). Osmotic Laxatives: Polyethylene glycol (Miralax), lactulose. Stool Softeners: Docusate sodium (Colace). Stimulant Laxatives: Senna, bisacodyl (Dulcolax) – use sparingly. Prescription Medications: Lubiprostone (Amitiza), linaclotide (Linzess), or plecanatide (Trulance) for chronic constipation. Biofeedback Therapy: For constipation caused by pelvic floor dysfunction. Surgery (Rare Cases): For structural issues like rectal prolapse or severe blockages. Prevention Maintain a high-fiber diet. Stay hydrated. Exercise regularly. Respond promptly to the urge to defecate. Avoid excessive use of laxatives, which can lead to dependency. When to See a Doctor Constipation persists for more than three weeks despite lifestyle changes. Severe pain or blood in the stool. Unexplained weight loss. Family history of colorectal cancer or inflammatory bowel disease. Constipation is usually manageable with dietary and lifestyle adjustments, but if it becomes chronic or is accompanied by concerning symptoms, medical evaluation is essential to rule out underlying conditions.

Filter tags