Description

Fatty liver disease, also known as hepatic steatosis, is a condition where excess fat builds up in the liver. It is increasingly common and can range from a benign condition to a serious health issue. There are two main types: Types of Fatty Liver Disease Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Occurs in people who drink little to no alcohol. Associated with obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which involves liver inflammation and damage. Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (AFLD): Caused by excessive alcohol consumption. Can progress to alcoholic hepatitis, fibrosis, or cirrhosis if drinking continues. Causes and Risk Factors Fatty liver develops when the body produces too much fat or cannot metabolize fat efficiently. Risk factors include: Obesity: Excess fat increases the risk of fat accumulation in the liver. Insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes: High blood sugar levels contribute to fat storage in the liver. High cholesterol or triglycerides: Elevated levels of fats in the blood. Metabolic syndrome: A cluster of conditions including high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and excess body fat. Rapid weight loss: Can cause fat to be released into the bloodstream and accumulate in the liver. Alcohol consumption: Even moderate drinking can lead to AFLD. Medications: Certain drugs (e.g., corticosteroids, tamoxifen) can contribute to fatty liver. Genetics: Family history may play a role. Symptoms Fatty liver disease is often called a "silent disease" because it may not cause noticeable symptoms in the early stages. However, as it progresses, symptoms may include: Fatigue or weakness. Mild pain or discomfort in the upper right abdomen. Enlarged liver (detected during a physical exam). Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes) in advanced cases. Diagnosis Fatty liver is often discovered incidentally during routine blood tests or imaging studies. Diagnostic tools include: Blood tests: Elevated liver enzymes (ALT, AST) may indicate liver inflammation. Tests to rule out other liver diseases (e.g., hepatitis). Imaging: Ultrasound: Detects fat accumulation in the liver. CT scan or MRI: Provides detailed images of the liver. FibroScan: Measures liver stiffness and fat content. Liver biopsy: A small sample of liver tissue is examined to confirm the diagnosis and assess the extent of damage. Complications If left untreated, fatty liver disease can progress to more serious conditions: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): Inflammation and liver cell damage. Fibrosis: Scarring of the liver tissue. Cirrhosis: Severe scarring and loss of liver function. Liver cancer: Increased risk in advanced stages. Liver failure: In severe cases. Treatment There is no specific medication for fatty liver disease, but lifestyle changes are the cornerstone of management: Weight loss: Losing 5–10% of body weight can reduce liver fat. Aim for gradual weight loss (1–2 pounds per week). Healthy diet: Focus on whole foods: fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats. Avoid sugary foods, refined carbs, and saturated fats. Exercise: Regular physical activity (e.g., 30 minutes of moderate exercise most days) helps reduce liver fat. Limit alcohol: For NAFLD, avoid alcohol; for AFLD, complete abstinence is necessary. Manage underlying conditions: Control diabetes, cholesterol, and blood pressure with medication and lifestyle changes. Medications: Vitamin E or pioglitazone may be prescribed for NASH in some cases. Newer treatments are under investigation. Prevention To reduce the risk of fatty liver disease: Maintain a healthy weight. Eat a balanced, nutrient-rich diet. Exercise regularly. Limit alcohol consumption. Manage chronic conditions like diabetes and high cholesterol. If you suspect you have fatty liver disease or are at risk, consult our Liver Specialist Doctor DR. SNEHAL MAKESHWAR, at his GASTRO CURE CLINIC, Panchsheel Square, Dhantoli Nagpur for evaluation and guidance. Early intervention can prevent progression and improve liver health. Let me know if you have more questions!

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