Description

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder that affects the large intestine (colon). It is characterized by a group of symptoms that occur together, including abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits (diarrhea, constipation, or both). IBS is a chronic condition that requires long-term management, but it does not cause permanent damage to the digestive tract or increase the risk of serious diseases like colon cancer. Symptoms of IBS Abdominal pain or cramping: Often relieved by bowel movements. Bloating and gas: A feeling of fullness or swelling in the abdomen. Diarrhea (IBS-D): Frequent, loose, or watery stools. Constipation (IBS-C): Difficulty passing stools, infrequent bowel movements, or straining. Alternating diarrhea and constipation (IBS-Mixed): Switching between the two. Mucus in the stool: A common but less severe symptom. Urgency: A sudden need to have a bowel movement. Causes and Triggers The exact cause of IBS is unknown, but several factors may contribute: Gut-Brain Axis Dysfunction: Miscommunication between the brain and digestive system. Abnormal Gut Motility: Overactive or underactive intestinal muscles. Visceral Hypersensitivity: Increased sensitivity to pain in the digestive organs. Gut Microbiome Imbalance: Changes in the types or amounts of gut bacteria. Food Intolerances: Certain foods (e.g., dairy, gluten, FODMAPs) may trigger symptoms. Stress and Anxiety: Emotional stress can worsen IBS symptoms. Infections: Post-infectious IBS can develop after a gastrointestinal infection (e.g., food poisoning). Diagnosis There is no specific test for IBS. Diagnosis is based on symptoms and ruling out other conditions. Your doctor may: Review your medical history and symptoms. Perform a physical exam. Order tests (e.g., blood tests, stool tests, colonoscopy) to rule out other conditions like celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), or infections. The Rome IV Criteria is often used to diagnose IBS: Recurrent abdominal pain at least 1 day per week in the last 3 months. Associated with 2 or more of the following: Related to bowel movements. Change in frequency of stool. Change in form (appearance) of stool. Management and Treatment While there is no cure for IBS, symptoms can often be managed through lifestyle changes, diet, and medications. 1. Dietary Changes Low-FODMAP Diet: Reduces intake of fermentable carbohydrates that can cause gas and bloating (e.g., onions, garlic, beans, certain fruits). Fiber: Increase soluble fiber (e.g., oats, psyllium) for constipation, but avoid insoluble fiber (e.g., bran) if it worsens symptoms. Avoid Trigger Foods: Common triggers include dairy, gluten, caffeine, alcohol, and fatty or spicy foods. Eat Smaller Meals: Large meals can overstimulate the digestive system. Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water, especially if you have diarrhea. 2. Lifestyle Modifications Stress Management: Practice relaxation techniques like yoga, meditation, or deep breathing. Regular Exercise: Helps regulate bowel movements and reduce stress. Adequate Sleep: Poor sleep can worsen IBS symptoms. 3. Medications Antispasmodics: Reduce abdominal cramping (e.g., dicyclomine, hyoscyamine). Laxatives: For constipation (e.g., polyethylene glycol, lactulose). Anti-diarrheals: For diarrhea (e.g., loperamide). Probiotics: May help restore gut bacteria balance. Antidepressants: Low-dose tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) or SSRIs can help with pain and mood. IBS-Specific Medications: Linaclotide or Lubiprostone for IBS-C. Rifaximin or Eluxadoline for IBS-D. 4. Psychological Therapies Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Helps manage stress and anxiety related to IBS. Gut-Directed Hypnotherapy: Focuses on relaxing the digestive system. When to See a Doctor Persistent or severe symptoms. Unexplained weight loss. Blood in stool. Fever or vomiting. Symptoms that disrupt daily life. Living with IBS Keep a symptom diary to identify triggers. Work with a dietitian to create a personalized eating plan. Stay informed and proactive about your condition. If you suspect you have IBS or are struggling to manage symptoms, consult Dr. Snehal Makeshwar at Gastro Cure Clinic, Panchsheel Square, Nagpur for a proper diagnosis and tailored treatment plan.

Filter tags